Editing Reduction of Risk Potential (section)

=== Cardiac Markers ===

;Troponin I and troponin T
The most sensitive and specific markers of myocardial injury. Threshold values are assay specific, so read the individual laboratory's cutoff; conventional troponin I is often reported as normal below roughly 0.04 ng/mL. Troponin rises within a few hours of infarction and stays elevated for days, making it useful for clients who present late. Serial specimens are drawn at defined intervals (Pagana et al., 2022).

;Creatine kinase MB
Rises and falls faster than troponin and is now largely supplementary (Pagana et al., 2022).

;B-type natriuretic peptide, generally below 100 pg/mL
Released with ventricular stretch. Useful to distinguish heart failure from pulmonary causes of dyspnea. Levels rise with age and renal impairment (Pagana et al., 2022).