Editing Nutrition – RN Flashcards (section)

== Lifespan and Interactions ==

;Why is folic acid recommended before conception rather than after pregnancy is confirmed?
:The neural tube closes by about day 28 of gestation, usually before pregnancy is recognized. Recommended intake is 400 mcg/day for anyone capable of pregnancy and 600 mcg/day during pregnancy.

;What two foods are absolutely avoided in the first 12 months of life, and why?
:Honey, because of the risk of infant botulism, and cow's milk, because it causes occult gastrointestinal blood loss, is low in iron, and imposes an excessive renal solute load.

;Why is dehydration the most common fluid disorder in older adults?
:Thirst sensation is blunted with aging, renal concentrating ability declines, total body water is lower, and mobility, continence concerns, and cognition further limit intake. Offer fluids on a schedule rather than waiting for the client to request them.

;What is the teaching point for a client on warfarin regarding vitamin K?
:Keep vitamin K intake consistent rather than eliminating it. Sudden increases lower the INR and raise clot risk; sudden decreases raise the INR and bleeding risk.

;Which foods cause hypertensive crisis with monoamine oxidase inhibitors?
:Tyramine-containing foods: aged cheeses, cured and smoked meats, fermented soy products such as soy sauce and miso, tap and draft beer, red wine, sauerkraut, and overripe or fermented fruit.

;Why does grapefruit juice matter clinically?
:It inhibits intestinal CYP3A4, raising serum levels of many statins, several calcium channel blockers, and some immunosuppressants, producing toxicity at ordinary doses.

;Which drugs must be separated from calcium, iron, magnesium, and antacids?
:Tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and levothyroxine, all of which form insoluble chelates. Levothyroxine is taken on an empty stomach 30 to 60 minutes before breakfast.

[[Category:Nutrition]]
[[Category:Registered Nurse (NCLEX-RN)]]
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