Editing Reduction of Risk Potential – LPN Flashcards (section)

== Pre-Procedure and Post-Procedure Care ==

;Standard pre-procedure checks
:Confirm identity with two identifiers, verify that consent is signed and on the chart, verify nothing by mouth status, check allergies, obtain baseline vital signs, have the client void when the procedure involves the abdomen or pelvis, and remove dentures, jewelry, and prostheses as directed.

;Care after any procedure that numbs the throat, such as endoscopy or bronchoscopy
:Keep the client nothing by mouth until the gag reflex returns, position on the side while still sedated, and monitor the airway.

;Warning signs of perforation after endoscopy or colonoscopy
:Severe or worsening abdominal or chest pain, abdominal distension and rigidity, fever, fast heart rate, and low blood pressure. Report immediately.

;Positioning and preparation for a lumbar puncture
:Have the client void first, then position side-lying with knees drawn toward the abdomen and chin tucked, or sitting and leaning forward over a table. Afterward keep the client flat as ordered, encourage fluids, and report headache or leakage at the site.

;Positioning for a thoracentesis and the main complication afterward
:Sitting upright and leaning forward over a bedside table with arms supported, holding still without coughing during needle insertion. Watch for pneumothorax, shown by sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, and diminished breath sounds on that side.

;Care before and after paracentesis
:Have the client void immediately before, position upright or with the head of the bed elevated, measure abdominal girth and weight before and after, and watch for hypotension and dizziness from fluid shifts afterward.

;Positioning after a liver biopsy
:On the right side with a pillow or rolled towel against the site to apply pressure, with bed rest, watching for bleeding and for pain in the right shoulder.

;Care after a cardiac catheterization
:Bed rest with the affected leg straight for the ordered time, frequent checks of the site for bleeding or swelling, checks of the pulse, color, temperature, and sensation below the site, cardiac monitoring, and fluids to flush the contrast.

;Teaching after a barium study
:Drink extra fluids, take the ordered laxative, expect chalky white stools for a few days, and report if no stool occurs.

;How to perform and read a tuberculin skin test
:Inject intradermally to raise a small wheal, do not massage the site, and read the area of firm induration, not redness, at 48 to 72 hours.

;How to collect a 24-hour urine specimen correctly
:Discard the first voiding to start the clock, save every voiding for 24 hours, keep the specimen chilled as required, and have the client void at the exact end time to include that specimen. If any voiding is lost, the collection must start over.

;What to report before a magnetic resonance imaging study
:Any implanted or retained metal, including pacemakers, aneurysm clips, cochlear implants, and metal fragments, plus severe claustrophobia and kidney disease if contrast is planned.