Editing Pharmacology – LPN Flashcards (section)

== Gastrointestinal and Musculoskeletal ==

;What is expected with oral iron therapy, and what improves absorption?
:Black or dark green stools and constipation are expected and harmless. Vitamin C, such as orange juice, improves absorption. Use a straw with liquid forms to protect tooth enamel, and increase fluid and fiber.

;How is alendronate taken?
:In the morning on an empty stomach with 6 to 8 ounces of plain water, remaining upright for at least 30 minutes with nothing else by mouth during that time, to prevent esophageal irritation and ulceration.

;What is the main teaching point for antacids?
:Separate antacids from other medications by 1 to 2 hours because they interfere with absorption. Aluminum-containing products cause constipation and magnesium-containing products cause diarrhea.

;What opioid side effect does not improve with time?
:Constipation. A bowel regimen with a stimulant laxative and stool softener, plus fluids, fiber, and activity as tolerated, is started along with the opioid. Report increasing sedation, which precedes respiratory depression.