Editing Mental Health and Psychosocial Nursing (section)

=== Risk Factors ===
Demographic and historical: prior attempt (the single strongest predictor), family history of suicide, male sex (higher completion; females attempt more often), age extremes with elevated rates in adolescents and young adults and in adults over 65, particularly older white men, LGBTQ identity without family support, veterans, and Indigenous populations.

Clinical: major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia (especially with command hallucinations), substance use disorder, borderline personality disorder, chronic pain, terminal or disfiguring illness, recent psychiatric discharge, hopelessness (a stronger predictor than depression severity itself), insomnia, agitation, and impulsivity.

Situational: recent loss, humiliation or legal trouble, unemployment, isolation, and '''access to lethal means, especially firearms'''.

Protective factors: children in the home, pregnancy, religious prohibition, strong social support, engagement in treatment, and future orientation.