Editing Nutrition (section)

=== TPN Versus PPN ===

* '''Total parenteral nutrition''' is hypertonic, commonly greater than 10 percent dextrose and above roughly 900 mOsm/L, so it '''requires a central venous access device''' with the tip in the superior vena cava. Peripheral administration of TPN causes severe phlebitis and vein destruction.
* '''Peripheral parenteral nutrition''' uses lower dextrose concentrations and lower osmolarity for short-term partial support through a peripheral line.
* Solutions contain dextrose, crystalline amino acids, electrolytes, vitamins, and trace elements. Lipid emulsions supply essential fatty acids and calorie density and may be piggybacked or included in a three-in-one admixture.