Editing Medical-Surgical Nursing (section)

=== Chronic Kidney Disease ===

Progressive irreversible nephron loss produces uremia, fluid overload, hypertension, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia with resulting hypocalcemia and bone disease, metabolic acidosis, and anemia from reduced erythropoietin production.

Nursing interventions: restrict sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and usually fluid; provide adequate calories with controlled high-quality protein as prescribed; give phosphate binders with meals so they bind dietary phosphorus; administer erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and iron for anemia; and avoid nephrotoxic drugs including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and contrast media where possible.