Editing Infection Control and Safety (section)

=== Risk factors ===

* '''Intrinsic:''' history of falls (the strongest single predictor), age over 65, muscle weakness and gait or balance impairment, orthostatic hypotension, confusion or delirium or dementia, impaired vision or hearing, peripheral neuropathy, urinary urgency and incontinence or nocturia, pain, and fear of falling.
* '''Medications:''' benzodiazepines and other sedative-hypnotics, opioids, antipsychotics, antidepressants, anticholinergics, antihypertensives, diuretics, insulin and sulfonylureas, and above all polypharmacy. Anticoagulants and antiplatelets do not cause falls but greatly increase the harm from one.
* '''Extrinsic:''' clutter, wet floors, poor lighting, inadequate footwear, high beds, unlocked wheels, tubing and cords, unfamiliar environment, and equipment such as intravenous poles and drains.