Editing Pediatric Nursing (section)

=== Other measurement points ===

* Count '''respirations for a full minute''' in infants and young children, since breathing is irregular. Count them before disturbing the child.
* Take the '''apical pulse for a full minute''' in children under 2 years.
* Blood pressure cuff bladder width should cover about 40 percent of the arm circumference and the bladder should encircle 80 to 100 percent of the arm. A '''cuff that is too small falsely elevates''' the reading.
* '''Urine output''' expectations: infants 2 mL/kg/hr, children 1 to 2 mL/kg/hr, adolescents 0.5 to 1 mL/kg/hr. Infant output is measured by weighing diapers, where 1 gram of weight gain equals 1 mL of urine.
* Fever in an infant '''younger than 28 days''' with a rectal temperature of 38.0 degrees Celsius (100.4 degrees Fahrenheit) or higher is a medical emergency requiring a full sepsis workup, because young infants can be bacteremic without any localizing signs.