Editing Mental Health and Psychosocial Nursing (section)

=== Bipolar Disorders ===
* '''Bipolar I''': at least one manic episode lasting at least 7 days, or any duration requiring hospitalization. Depressive episodes usually occur but are not required.
* '''Bipolar II''': at least one hypomanic episode (4 days, no marked impairment, no psychosis) plus at least one major depressive episode.
* '''Cyclothymic disorder''': 2 years of fluctuating hypomanic and depressive symptoms that do not meet full criteria.

Mania features (mnemonic DIG FAST): Distractibility, Indiscretion, Grandiosity, Flight of ideas, Activity increase, Sleep deficit, Talkativeness with pressured speech.

Nursing care in acute mania:
* Provide a '''low-stimulation environment''': private room away from the nurses' station and dayroom traffic, dim lighting, limited visitors.
* Offer '''high-calorie, high-protein finger foods and fluids''' the client can eat while moving. Clients in mania die of exhaustion and dehydration, not of mood.
* '''Set firm, consistent limits.''' Manic clients split staff and test boundaries. Communicate limits among the whole team.
* Channel energy into '''noncompetitive, solitary physical outlets''' such as walking. Avoid competitive games, group activities, and stimulating crafts.
* Protect the client from consequences of poor judgment such as spending, sexual indiscretion, and giving away possessions.
* Do not argue with grandiosity; redirect.
* Monitor sleep. Restoring sleep is a treatment goal, not a comfort measure.