Editing Anatomy and Physiology – LPN Practice Questions (section)

==Question 15==
A licensed practical nurse is caring for a patient receiving intravenous fluids. Which findings should be reported to the registered nurse as possible signs of fluid overload? '''Select all that apply.'''
# New crackles heard in the lung bases.
# Distended neck veins with the head of the bed at 45 degrees.
# A weight gain of 2.5 kilograms since yesterday.
# Dry mucous membranes with a coated tongue.
# New shortness of breath when lying flat.

'''Answer:''' 1, 2, 3, and 5 (A, B, C, E).

''Rationale:'' Excess fluid in the vascular space raises pressure in the capillaries, pushing fluid into the lung tissue and producing crackles and shortness of breath that worsens when lying flat. Backed up volume on the right side of the heart shows as distended neck veins. Retained fluid also shows as rapid weight gain, since about 1 kilogram equals roughly 1 liter of fluid, so 2.5 kilograms overnight is a significant finding. Option 4 describes dehydration rather than overload. The nurse reports these findings, slows or maintains the infusion as directed, raises the head of the bed to ease breathing, and continues to monitor.

[[Category:Anatomy and Physiology]]
[[Category:Licensed Practical Nurse (NCLEX-PN)]]
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