Editing Anatomy and Physiology – RN Practice Questions (section)

==Question 11==
Which functions are normally performed by the kidney? '''Select all that apply.'''
# Production of erythropoietin.
# Conversion of vitamin D to its active form.
# Regulation of acid-base balance through hydrogen ion excretion and bicarbonate reabsorption.
# Production of intrinsic factor for vitamin B12 absorption.
# Release of renin in response to decreased renal perfusion.
# Synthesis of albumin and clotting factors.

'''Answer:''' 1, 2, 3, and 5 (A, B, C, E).

''Rationale:'' The kidney secretes erythropoietin in response to hypoxia to stimulate red cell production, which is why chronic kidney disease causes anemia. It performs the final hydroxylation that activates vitamin D, which is why kidney failure causes hypocalcemia. It is the long-term regulator of acid-base balance, which is why kidney failure produces metabolic acidosis. It releases renin when perfusion falls, initiating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Option 4 is incorrect because intrinsic factor is secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach. Option 6 is incorrect because albumin and clotting factors are synthesized by the liver.