Editing Nutrition – LPN Flashcards (section)

== Diet Types ==

;What is included on a clear liquid diet?
:Anything transparent and liquid at body temperature: broth and bouillon, clear juices without pulp, gelatin, plain tea and coffee, clear carbonated beverages, and popsicles without fruit pieces. It is not nutritionally adequate beyond a few days.

;What is added when a diet is advanced from clear liquid to full liquid?
:Milk and milkshakes, cream soups, ice cream, sherbet, pudding and custard, refined or strained hot cereals, yogurt without fruit pieces, and all juices including those with pulp.

;What is a mechanical soft diet used for?
:Clients who have difficulty chewing because of poor dentition, missing or ill-fitting dentures, oral surgery, or fatigue. The texture is modified by chopping, grinding, or moistening, but the nutrients are not restricted.

;What is a low-residue or low-fiber diet, and when is it used?
:A diet limiting whole grains, raw fruits and vegetables, nuts, seeds, and legumes. It is used during acute diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease flares, bowel preparation, and early recovery after bowel surgery.

;What foods must be avoided on a gluten-free diet for celiac disease?
:Wheat, rye, and barley in any form, including bread, pasta, most breaded and battered foods, beer, and many sauces. Rice, corn, potato, quinoa, and certified gluten-free oats are safe.

;Which foods are highest in sodium?
:Canned soups and vegetables, cured and processed meats such as ham, bacon, sausage, hot dogs, and deli meat, cheese, pickled foods, salted snacks, condiments such as ketchup and soy sauce, and most restaurant and fast food.

;How can food be made more flavorful for a client on a sodium restriction?
:Use herbs, spices, garlic and onion powder (not garlic or onion salt), lemon juice, vinegar, and salt-free seasoning blends. Do not offer a salt substitute without provider approval, because salt substitutes contain potassium.

;Name common high-potassium foods a renal client should limit.
:Bananas, oranges and orange juice, potatoes, tomatoes and tomato sauce, avocado, spinach, melons, dried fruit such as raisins and apricots, beans, nuts, and salt substitutes.

;Name lower-potassium foods that are usually allowed on a renal diet.
:Apples and applesauce, berries, grapes, canned pears or peaches with the juice drained, cabbage, green beans, cauliflower, cucumber, and lettuce.

;What is a consistent carbohydrate diet?
:The standard diabetic diet. Rather than banning sugar, it distributes a similar amount of carbohydrate across meals and snacks each day so that insulin or oral medication doses match intake. One carbohydrate exchange is about 15 g.