Editing Anatomy and Physiology – LPN Flashcards (section)

== Normal Values and Basic Function ==

;Normal adult resting heart rate, respiratory rate, and adequate urine output.
:Heart rate 60 to 100 beats per minute. Respiratory rate 12 to 20 breaths per minute. Urine output at least 30 mL per hour, or about 240 mL over 8 hours. Report values outside these ranges to the registered nurse.

;Normal adult oxygen saturation range.
:95% to 100% on room air. Report a sustained reading below 90%, or any drop from the patient's usual baseline, to the registered nurse.

;What is homeostasis?
:The body's ability to keep its internal conditions, such as temperature, fluid volume, blood glucose, and pH, within a narrow normal range. Illness and injury disrupt homeostasis, and nursing care supports the body's efforts to restore it.

;Name the three layers of the skin.
:The epidermis (outer layer, no blood vessels), the dermis (contains blood vessels, nerve endings, hair follicles, and sweat glands), and the subcutaneous layer (fat and connective tissue that cushions and insulates).